Atomic Number and Mass Number Atomic number (Z) The presence of a positive charge on the nucleus is due to the protons in the nucleus. As established earlier, the charge
Related content View
Representation of an Atom The composition of any atom can be represented by using the normal element symbol (X) with super-script on the left-hand side as the atomic mass number (A) and subscript (
Related content View
Historically, results observed from the studies of interactions of radiations with the matter have provided immense information regarding the structure of atoms and molecules. Neils Bohr utilized thes
Related content View
In the mid-nineteenth century, physicists actively studied the absorption and emission of radiation by heated objects. These are called thermal radiations. They tried to find out what the thermal radi
Related content View
Some of the experimental phenomena such as diffraction and interference can be explained by the wave nature of the electromagnetic radiation. However, the following are some of the obse
Related content View
Photoelectric Effect In 1887, H. Hertz performed a very interesting experiment in which electrons (or electric current) were ejected when certain metals (for example potassium, rubidium,
Related content View